Sufism and Islamic Epistemology: A Journey into Mystical Knowledge
Keywords:
Sufism, Islamic Epistemology, Spiritual Knowledge, Mystical Experience, Divine IlluminationAbstract
This paper explores the relationship between Sufism and Islamic epistemology, highlighting how the mystical tradition of Islam contributes to the broader Islamic understanding of knowledge. Islamic epistemology traditionally relies on revelation (the Qur’an and Sunnah), reason, and scholarly consensus as primary sources of knowledge. Sufism, as the inner, spiritual dimension of Islam, introduces an additional layer centered on experiential and intuitive knowledge (ma‘rifah), often attained through the purification of the heart and rigorous spiritual practice. Central to Sufi epistemology is the concept of kashf (unveiling), through which deeper truths are revealed directly to the seeker by divine illumination. While Sufism may at times appear to contrast with legalistic or rationalist schools of Islamic thought, many scholars, such as Al-Ghazali, have demonstrated how the mystical path can harmonize with orthodox epistemological frameworks. The paper also addresses the interplay between objective revelation and subjective spiritual insight, exploring both convergence and tensions between these approaches. By examining key concepts, figures, and methodologies, the study argues that Sufism provides a vital, experiential dimension to Islamic knowledge, enriching the tradition with a focus on inner transformation and direct connection with the Divine. Ultimately, it suggests that an integrated approach to knowledge, balancing heart and intellect, remains essential in contemporary Islamic thought.
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